How To Avoid Getting Sick this Winter
Winter respiratory infections are particularly prevalent right now due to increased indoor gatherings and dry air, which can compromise our respiratory systems’ defenses. In primary care we often see rhinovirus, influenza A and B, COVID-19, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) during winter months. Below is some information regarding three of the most common:
Influenza: Influenza A and B viruses cause the flu, characterized by fever, body aches, fatigue, and cough. It spreads via respiratory droplets and can lead to severe complications, especially in vulnerable populations such as older adults (65 and older), young children, and those with chronic health conditions (like heart disease, COPD, diabetes, obesity, and end-stage kidney disease). Those with compromised immune-systems such as people undergoing chemotherapy, have HIV or take immune-modifying medication are at increased risk. The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recommends annual vaccination as the best preventive measure. The flu shot is typically available from September through April.
COVID-19: COVID-19 remains a significant concern, particularly in the winter. Symptoms range from mild to severe, including fever, cough, body aches and shortness of breath. Vaccination and updated boosters are crucial in reducing the risk of severe illness. It is recommended to get a booster annually and more frequently for certain immune-compromised individuals.
RSV: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) primarily affects young children and older adults, presenting with symptoms similar to a cold but can lead to severe respiratory issues like bronchiolitis or pneumonia. The CDC recommends RSV vaccination for people 60 and older to prevent lower respiratory disease (pneumonia or bronchiolitis) and for people 50–59 who are at increased risk of RSV lower respiratory tract disease. It is also recommended for pregnant people who are between 32 and 36 weeks of gestation should get vaccinated during RSV season.
Four Evidence-Based Ways to Reduce your Risk
1. Regular handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds is highly effective in preventing respiratory infections.
2. Avoiding close contact with sick individuals significantly reduces the transmission of respiratory viruses
3. Disinfecting commonly touched surfaces can help reduce spread
4. Getting 7-9 hours of quality sleep helps maintain a strong immune system
When to See a Doctor
If you experience prolonged or severe symptoms from a cold such as difficulty breathing, high fever, chest pain, or confusion, it’s essential to seek medical care. Early intervention can make a significant difference, especially for illnesses like the flu, COVID-19, and RSV.
By staying proactive and mindful of your health this winter, you can enjoy the season with fewer sick days and more time doing the things you love. Remember, your doctor is your best resource for personalized advice, so don’t hesitate to reach out if you have questions or to see if you need any updated vaccines.